RECIDIVISM AND PUBLIC ORDER IN NIGERIAN CORRECTIONAL CENTRES IN AKWA IBOM STATE

Abstract

Recidivism remains a major challenge confronting criminal justice systems worldwide, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. Despite policy reforms, the Nigerian correctional system continues to emphasise punishment over rehabilitation, resulting in high rates of reoffending. This study critically examined the causes and consequences of recidivism, with a focus on Akwa Ibom State and explores its implications for public order. Drawing on qualitative data from secondary sources and content analysis, the research was anchored on Social Contract Theory and supported by Sherman’s Defiance Theory to explain the failure of correctional centres to rehabilitate offenders and the subsequent erosion of public trust and safety. Findings revealed that institutional deficiencies such as overcrowding, lack of rehabilitation programmes and ineffective reintegration strategies contribute significantly to repeat offending. Societal stigma, unemployment and absence of post-release support further complicate the reintegration process. The study established a clear nexus between high recidivism and declining public order in Akwa Ibom State, as ex-offenders often return to criminal activity, leading to increased insecurity and social instability. The study has contributed to the growing body of knowledge on correctional failure by framing recidivism as both a symptom and driver of systemic injustice and public disorder. It calls for a reorientation of Nigeria’s correctional philosophy towards restorative justice, community reintegration and interagency collaboration. The study recommended policy interventions focused on rehabilitation, postrelease support and public education to mitigate the cycle of reoffending and strengthen social stability in Akwa Ibom State and beyond.